A Review on Androgenic Alopecia: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Approaches

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Demonstrator of Anatomy and Embryology, faculty of medicine, ain shams university

2 Anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

3 Assistant professor of Anatomy and Embryology

4 Lecturer of Anatomy and Embryology.

5 Lecturer of Anatomy and Embryology

Abstract

Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is one of the commonest reasons for dermatological consultation. It is a characterized by progressive thinning; miniaturization of the hair follicle leading to alteration in hair cycle dynamics and a bald appearance.
Aim of the Work: The present review aimed to collect, present and analyze all previous data concerning etiology, pathogenesis and treatment modalities of AGA. A search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar using key words: etiology, pathogenesis, psychological problems or self-esteem, treatment modalities.
Observations: AGA has global prevalence rate ranging from 0.2% to 2%. It affects both genders as well as different races. Numerous mechanisms have been hypothesized to understand the underlying mechanism of hair follicle miniaturization occurring in AGA but it remains incompletely understood. AGA is characterized by elevated dehydrotestosterone levels and abundance of androgen receptors within the scalp. A complex genetic predisposition can also contribute to the progressive reduction and ultimate loss of hair follicles observed in AGA. The assessment of severity of AGA relies on the modified Norwood-Hamilton classification systems which can divide the hair loss into seven different stages (I-VII). Multiple treatment modalities for AGA are approved by FDA; such as topical minoxidil, oral finasteride and low‐level light therapy. Other treatment options are available such as hormonal therapies, platelet-rich plasma, exosome treatments and hair transplantation. Searching for other recent modalities is still a point of recent research work.
Conclusion: The data examined from these studies shed light on the cutting-edge information regarding prevalence, pathogenesis, etiology and therapeutic approaches of AGA.

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