A Review on the Relationship between Parkinson Disease and Toxoplasmosis

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Department of medical laboratory techniques , Kufa Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University31001, Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq.

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is consider a progressively progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and many parts of the body that controlled by nerves. Symptoms begin appear as slowly. The first symptom that appear is a tremor occur in only one hand. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease unfortunately get worse as your condition worsens over time. Parkinson's disease causes some nerve cells in the brain to gradually become damaged or die. This is due to the loss of nerve cells that produce the chemical transmitter in the brain called dopamine, the decline of which causes irregular activity in the brain, leading to movement problems in addition to other symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan intracellular parasite when the cyst or bradyzoite stages are present in the brain cells begin to manipulate the normal behavior of the infected person, leading to the appearance of neurological and psychological symptoms in the infected people. there are many studies conducted on human and animal models that have concluded that there is a relationship between infection with toxoplasmosis and the psychological and neurological disorders that affect the carrier of the infection, and this is due to the parasite’s ability to infect nerve cells and glial cells, which leads to the death of neurons, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and also causes neurochemical changes as dopamine signaling in the central nervous system changes. Several epidemiological and experimental studies have investigated the role of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the incidence and severity of Parkinson's disease. We designed review to evaluate the relationship between T. gondii infection and the occurrence of Parkinson's disease so that this study would be useful for better understanding the risk factors for neurological disorders.

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