Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Left Ventricular Function and Mass in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

2 Cardiology Department, Nasr City Insurance Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is most common heart valve disease requiring intervention, particularly in aging populations. Left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction are significant complications associated with symptomatic AS, necessitating effective treatment options like transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
Aim of the Work: To assess impact of TAVI on LV functional recovery and mass regression in patients with severe aortic stenosis.
Patients and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 50 patients with severe symptomatic AS who underwent TAVI between. Baseline and 6-month post-procedural echocardiographic parameters, including LV mass, LV mass index, LVEF, left atrial (LA) size, aortic valve area (AVA), and peak aortic velocity, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests, and correlation analysis was conducted between preoperative LV mass index and postoperative parameters.
Results: Baseline characteristics included a mean body surface area of 1.86 ± 0.17 m², with 74% of patients having hypertension and 98% experiencing dyspnea. Post-TAVI, significant improvements were observed in LV mass (from 300.12 ± 85.24 gm to 193.36 ± 44.71 gm, p < 0.0001) and left atrial size (from 45.64 ± 4.84 mm to 42.56 ± 3.73 mm, p < 0.0001). Peak aortic velocity decreased from 4.35 ± 0.59 cm/s to 1.64 ± 0.45 cm/s (p < 0.0001), while aortic valve area significantly increased (p < 0.0001). LVEF improved post-TAVI but without statistical significance (p = 0.292).
Conclusions: It was found that TAVI significantly improved LV function and induced mass regression in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

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