Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Dr. samah kandeel, Professor at Histology and Cell Biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta university.
2
Anatomy and Embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
10.21608/asmj.2025.360624.1392
Abstract
Background: Parotid gland is affected by structural and functional changes caused by diseases, medications, and oxidative
stress. Venlafaxine, a common antidepressant, has been related to adverse effects, including structural changes in the parotid
gland. Febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Aim of the Work: This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of febuxostat against venlafaxine-induced
structural changes in the parotid gland of adult male albino rats using histological and immunohistochemical techniques.
Methods: Twenty-five adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: control, venlafaxine, carboxymethylcellulose+ven
lafaxine, and febuxostat+venlafaxine. Treatments were administered orally for 30 days. The histological examination included
staining with H&E, and Masson's Trichrome. Immunohistochemical markers (Ki67, α-SMA, HSP60) were assessed alongside
morphometric analysis.
Results: Venlafaxine and carboxymethylcellulose+venlafaxine produced structural damage, including disorganized, widely
separated acini with congested apparently dilated blood vessels. Serous acini revealed vacuolation of their lining cells with
pyknotic nuclei besides separated cells. Also, some acini showed accumulated acidophilic material at their lumen while others
were degenerated. The intercalated, striated and excretory ducts were apparently dilated with irregular lumen and pyknotic
nuclei. Also inflammatory cellular infiltrations in-between the acini and congestion of blood vessels by H&E. besides,
significant increase in amount and mean area percentage of collagen fibers. Also, significantly increased mean number of
Ki67 positive cells, mean colour intensity of α-SMA, and HSP60. Febuxostat group showed nearly normal histological and
immunohistochemical profiles.
Conclusion: Febuxostat effectively protected against venlafaxine-induced parotid gland damage. So, it is a promising therapy
choice for salivary gland dysfunction.
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